A team of engineers from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln have developed robotic technology that can heal itself automatically. This technology mimics the natural healing mechanisms found in human and plant skin, making it one of the most important innovations in the modern history of robotics.
The system consists of three main layers, namely the Extensible Actuation Layer, the Strain Limiting Self-Healing Layer, and the Damage Detection Layer. Each layer plays an important role in ensuring that the robot functions more efficiently.
The top layer functions as an artificial muscle that assists the robot's movement by using water pressure. This mechanism allows the robot to move freely and adapt to environmental changes, making it more efficient in various situations.
The healing layer (middle part) is made of Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE), which is a type of polymer material that has rubber-like properties. The characteristics of this material are its resistance to heat, ability to change shape, and ease of processing and forming.
This unique property makes TPE ideal for self-healing systems in robotics because it can melt and solidify to repair damage automatically. With this technology, the robot can repair itself without the need for manual repair.
In addition, the detection layer (bottom) contains microdroplets of liquid metal (Liquid Metal – LM) embedded in the silicone elastomer. This layer plays an important role in automatically detecting the area and level of damage with high accuracy.
The robot can identify injuries instantly by detecting changes in the electrical current in the bottom layer. After detecting the damaged area, the Joule Heater will be activated to melt the thermoplastic elastomer in the healing layer. Joule Heater is a process in which an electric current flowing through a conductor generates heat. In this system, the heat generated will melt the healing material so that the layer can fill and seal the wound or damage.
After a few minutes, the melted material will solidify again and seal the wound properly without the need for any manual repair. In the end, the robot can heal itself properly to return to normal function in a short time. This technology is also said to be a solution for a robot that is durable and able to operate in various environments without requiring frequent maintenance.
